Pediatric Articles

Mid Upper Arm Circumference as a Predictor of Risk of Mortality in Children in a Low Resource Setting in India

The current WHO recommendation is to use MUAC as a screening tool in the community while at the health facility level to use MUAC or WHZ or bilateral oedema as independent admission criteria for... Read more »

Vitamin-D deficiency predicts infections in young north Indian children: A secondary data analysis

Vitamin D deficiency is considered to be the most common nutritional deficiency and often one of the most commonly undiagnosed medical conditions in the world. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in young children is around 50–90% in the Indian subcontinent. Vitamin D is primarily produced in the skin after... Read more »

Does Measles Vaccination Reduce the Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) and Diarrhea in Children: A Multi-Country Study?

Measles is a highly contagious disease transmitted through a virus belonging to the Morbillivirus genus. The infection is acquired via the respiratory tract and is mostly seen in infants and children below five years of age. The virus usually disrupts the... Read more »

Factors influencing feeding practices of extreme poor infants and young children in families of working mothers in Dhaka slums

In recent decades, rapid urbanization with fast population growth has become inescapable in Bangladesh. The demographic dynamics of Bangladesh suggest that the country is undergoing rapid urbanization, particularly due to rural-urban migration... Read more »

Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Childhood Obesity Is Associated with Decreased IL-10 Expression by Monocyte Subsets

Obesity is a multifactorial disease, characterized by an increase of body fat, that can be associated with metabolic changes and considered a serious public health problem with... Read more »

Comprehensive Retinal Image Analysis for Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of Prematurity is a progressive disorder that affects premature infants of very low birth weight, who have been exposed to high ambient oxygen concentrations such as... Read more »

A Controlled Before-and-After Perspective on the Improving Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Survival Program in Rural Bangladesh: An Impact Analysis

There has been substantial progress in reducing maternal, neonatal and under-five mortality rates over the past two decades... Read more »

Measuring Poverty in Southern India: A Comparison of Socio-Economic Scales Evaluated against Childhood Stunting

It was estimated that 1.4 billion people lived in extreme poverty with a large gap between the rich and the poor... Read more »

Natural History of Cryptosporidiosis in a Longitudinal Study of Slum-Dwelling Bangladeshi Children

Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under age five worldwide, with cryptosporidiosis estimated to be second only to rotavirus as... Read more »

Cost-Effectiveness of Price Subsidies on Fortified Packaged Infant Cereals in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia in 6-23-Month-Old-Children in Urban India

Inadequate nutrition has a severe impact on health in India. The single most important nutritional risk factor in India is iron deficiency, accounting for more than 3% of all disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) according to the... Read more »

Direct Observation of Treatment Provided by a Family Member as Compared to Non-Family Member among Children with New Tuberculosis

Directly observed treatment (DOT) is a supportive mechanism where a provider directly observes a patient consuming their medication to ensure treatment adherence and is a core component of the... Read more »

Threshold Levels of Infant and Under-Five Mortality for Crossover between Life Expectancies at Ages Zero, One and Five in India

For measuring overall health of a population, beside routine indicators such as mortality rates at ages below one and age five, life expectancy at age zero is gaining importance as a popular indicator for the same and is also one of the... Read more »

Respiratory Viruses Associated Hospitalization among Children Aged <5 Years in Bangladesh: 2010-2014

Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) are one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. They are also the leading causes of childhood death in Bangladesh... Read more »

High Mortality Risk in Hypoglycemic and Dysglycemic Children Admitted at a Referral Hospital in a Non Malaria Tropical Setting of a Low Income Country

Both hypo and hyperglycemia occur frequently in sick children and have been associated with increased risk of deaths in pediatrics units. Neonates and young children are particularly susceptible to... Read more »

Evaluating the Impact of Breastfeeding on Rotavirus Antigenemia and Disease Severity in Indian Children

Rotavirus is the major worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydrating diarrhea in children below 5 years. WHO estimates that RV is responsible for 40% of AGE amongst children... Read more »

Cost Effectiveness of Implementing Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses Program in District Faridabad, India

Neonatal and infant mortality accounts for 55% and 77% of total under-5 child mortality in India respectively. Reducing high levels of infant and neonatal mortality is the key towards achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal... Read more »

Neonatal Screening and the Clinical Outcome in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Central India

Studies on the natural history of sickle cell disease (SCD) from Jamaica and the USA have confirmed that the greatest morbidity and mortality occurs between 6 and 12 months and that early identification of... Read more »

Common Myths Regarding Breastfeeding in India

Myth: First milk (colostrum) should not be given to children. Fact: First milk is one of the best things we can give to a newborn. Colostrum helps protect the child from diseases, as it aids in the development of the newborn’s immune system. It has a cathartic effect in that...  Read more »
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